be 动词的用法简述_博客

be 动词的用法简述

be 动词的用法简述
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[本站编写 2008-04-06]
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英语的be 动词是个用法比较复杂的动词。复杂的原因有两点：
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1、除了原形的 be 之外，对于不同人称代词以及单数名词和复数名词，be 会有各种变化形式和缩写形式。概括一下有七种形式：be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being。它们与人称代词和名词单、复数的搭配关系是：
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现在时 I am, you are, he/she/it/ is, we/you/they are；名词单数、不可数名词用is，复数用are。
缩略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're
否定缩略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't
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过去时 I was, you were, he/she/it/ was, we/you/they were；名词单数、不可数名词用was，复数用were。
否定缩略式 wasn't, weren't
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过去分词 been
现在分词 being
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2、在句子中，be有两种主要作用：一是作为系动词(The Linking Verb)，本身可以作用谓语动词；二是做为助动词(The Auxiliary Verb)，与谓语动词一起构成各种时态和被动语态等。
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下面做个简要的讲解。
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一、be 动词做系动词
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1、系动词表语”的结构
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当be 动词做系动词使用时，主要构成“系动词表语”的结构，在句子中做谓语。表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。例如：
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The man is a science teacher.
Mary's new dresses are colourful.
Mother is in the kitchen now.
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I have been there before.
They shall be here at 10:00 tommorow.
That can't be true.
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You are not being very polite.
Your brother is being very annoying this evening
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2、be 动词的一般疑问句，方法是把be 移到主语前面，也可说成是移到句首。
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Is the man a science teacher? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
Are Mary's new dresses colourful? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Was mother in the kitchen then? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.
Were you at home the day before yesterday?? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Was she late this morning? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.
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3、be 动词用在特殊疑问句
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在特殊疑问句里，be 动词仍然移到主语前面，但特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的，所以be 动词只能说是移到主语前面，或者说是在特殊疑问词的后面。例如：
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Whose bike is broken? Xiao Ming's bike is.
Who was singing in the room? Mr. Zhang was.
Where are you from? I am from Wuhu.
What class were you in? We were in Class 2.
How old is Tom? He is ten.
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4、be 动词的否定句
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be 动词做谓语时，它的否定形式是在be 后加not，并且可以缩写。例如：
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It is not sunny today.
Tom and his friends are not in the park.
You were not nine years old when I went to the university.
He was not often late for his class when he was a student.
I wasn't here yesterday.
My parents weren't at home last Sunday.
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5、be 动词的祈使句
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be 动词的祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式。肯定形式是以be 动词开头，而否定形式或强调句形，要加don't 或do。例如：
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Be careful!
Be a good boy!
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Don't be silly!
Don't be a fool!
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Do be obedient!
Do be careful.
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二、be 动词做助动词
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助动词be 有两个基本用法，一是与谓语动词一起构成各种时态，二是构成被动语态。
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1、“be 现在分词组”成各种进行式时态。例如：
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Tony's maid is washing his new car.
The children are playing in the field.
Samuel was eating when I came in.
We have been living here since 1959.
This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
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2、“be 过去分词”组成被动语态。例如：
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Her money in the drawer was stolen.
A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners.
David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America.
The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom.
Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours.
Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with.

3、 be 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：
　a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：
　　 He is to go to New York next week..　他下周要去纽约。
　　 We are to teach the freshpersons.　我们要教新生。
　　说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
　b. 表示命令，例如：
　　You are to explain this.　对此你要做出解释。
　　He is to come to the office this afternoon.　要他今天下午来办公室。
　c.　征求意见，例如：
　　How am I to answer him?　我该怎样答复他？
　　Who is to go there?　谁该去那儿呢？
　d. 表示相约、商定，例如：
　　We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.　我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。?
4、being 的分词短语
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being 也是be 的变化形式之一，它是be 动词的现在分词。being 一般不单独使用，而是构成“系表”结构的分词短语，或者构成被动语态的短语。一般情况下，可以把being短语作为一个词组来整体看待，它在句子中可以作为各种成份，比如主语、表语、定语、状语等。从大的方面说，being短语属于另外一个语法项目，即：现在分词(短语)的用法。关于分词(短语)的用法，请参看本站有关文章。这里，结合全句做一点简单的提示。例如：
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Your brother is being very annoying this evening. (表语)
Being lost can be a terrifying experience. (主语)
He can't stand being kept waiting. (宾语)
Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? (定语)
Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. (状语)
The question being settled, we went home. (构成独立主格结构)
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三、注意事项
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英语句子中，为了表达时态或被动语态的需要，常常会出现几个助动词连在一块儿使用。也就是说，助动词be会和其它助动词一起使用。这时候，整个句子的一般疑问句和否定句，就不一定是对be 进行变化了，而是以第一个助动词为主进行变化。即哪个助动词在先，就以它为主进行变化。例如：
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[肯定句] All the wonderful birds can be found in our Bird Park. (助动词有两个：can be )
[疑问句] Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park? (移第一个can)
[否定句] All the wonderful birds can not be found in our Bird Park. (在第一个can 后加not)
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[肯定句] I have been there before. (两个助动词：have, been )
[疑问句] Have you been there before?
[否定句] I have not been there before.
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[肯定句] I shall be having my supper at six tomorrow evening. (两个助动词：shall, be )
[疑问句] Will you be having my supper at six tomorrow evening?
[否定句] I shall not be having my supper at six tomorrow evening.
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四、巩固练习
从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
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1. My father _______ ill yesterday.
A. isn't?? B. aren't????? C. wasn't? D. weren't
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2.? _______ your parents at home last week?
A. Is?????? B. Was????????? C. Are? D. Were
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3. The? twins _______ in Dalian? last year. They _______ here now.
A. are; were???????????????? B. were; are?
C. was; are????????????????? D. were; was
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4.? _______ your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday?
A. Was; before???????????? B. Is; before?
C. Was; after??????????????? D. Is; after?
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5. Who was _disibledevent=5>　　be为连系动词，中心词义是"是"，句型为"主＋系＋表"结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)；will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词＋原形)；have/has/had been(助动词＋过去分词)等。如：?
　　
　　To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)
　　
　　The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)
　　
　　It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)
　　
　　She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)
　　
　　功能二，助动词be
　　
　　助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：
　　
　　1. be doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：
　　
　　The girls is reading and copying the new words now.
　　
　　Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.
　　
　　2. be done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：
　　
　　Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)
　　
　　This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)
　　
　　Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)
　　
　　How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)
　　
　　That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)
3. be going to do，表示"打算或将要做某事"，be有现在和过去两种形式。如：
　　
　　We are going to plant trees in the park.
　　
　　I didn’t know if she was going to come here.
　　
　　4. be to do，表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如：
　　
　　The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to
Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.
　　
　　功能三，there be
　　
　　there be句式为：there be 主语部分＋状语部分，表示"某处存在某物"，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等。如：
　　
　　Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.
　　
　　There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.?
　　
　　Will there be a football match in your school next week??
　　
　　功能四，实义be
　　
　　可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等。如：His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.Kates birthday party
will be at half past six this evening.Jim has been in China for
morethan two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.